System of electrical distribution.



M. 0. TROY.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. 11, 1905.

921 ,91 8, Patented May 18, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1. Fig. l.

' M. 0. TROY. SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 11, 1905.

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3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Witnesses: Inventor:

' 54 matthew O.Trog,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFTQE.

MATTHEW O. TROY, OF SGHENEOTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COM- PANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

SYSTEM OF, ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 18, 1909.

Application filed November 11, 1905. 'Serial No. 286,828.

changed into alternating current of constant volume and then rectified by a vapor electric apparatus or similar means and fed to a consum tion circuit.

T e features ofnovelty which characterize my invention are pointed out with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, will be better understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which 1 Figure 1 represents one embodiment of my invention; Fig. 2 a modification and Fig. 3

. still another modification.

In the drawings, the main sourc'eci alternating current may be of any desired character but is here represented conventionally as a single phase generator 1. Leads 2 and 3 extend therefrom and are connected to a step-up compensator 4 from the outer terminals of which extend the high voltage leads 5 and 6. The current from these leads is supplied to a vapor electric rectifier 7 of a type now wellundei'stood in the art. In the particular form shown the rectifier, consists of a highly-exhausted glass envelop" having arms 8 and 9 carrying the main anodes 10 and 11,

, of graphite or other suitable material. The

bottom of the receptacle is provided with adj acentpockets containing mercury electrodes 12, 13 and 1a. Electrode 12 is the cathode for the anodes 10 and 11. The electrodes-13 and 14 are starting anodes by which the apparatus is set into operation in a well understood manner. These starting anodes are connected respectively to the leads 15 and 16 of the secondary 17 of a small transformer the primary 18 i the generator leads 2, 3. A lead 19 extendmg from the middle point of the secondary 17 connects with the cathode 12 and has in series with it an inductance coil 20.. By shaking or tilting the rectifier, the bodies of mercury 13 and 14 may be caused to make a momentary contact with the central body of mercury 12, An are or arcs are thus produced, which arcs, by reason of the induct ance 20, overlap each other and thus are mutually sustaining. The main cathode 12 being thus excited, the main' rectifierarcs from the anodes 10 and 11 to the cath0de-12 are set into operation and'the resulting rectified current passes in a return path through the consum pensator. The consumption circuit 21 may contaln translating devices such as arc lamps 23 in series with each other. An inductance this circuit and renders it as nearly uniform as possible, and at the same time it has the effect of prolonging the arcs to theanodes 10 and 11 so that they overlap each other and without thepresence of the starting arcs. It

- is'conveni'ent, however, in order to provide against possible interruption of the consumption circuit, to maintain the starting arcs continuously in operation though this, show ever, is not essential.

I will now refer to the particular means which Lemploy for causing thecurrent which I supply to the rectifier to be of 0011'- present invention. In the drawings, l have represented a constant current reactance coil at 25 consisting of a three-legged core 26 of well known construction provided with a fixed coil 27 on the central leg and a movable coil 28. The movable coil is partially counterbalanced by the weighted lever arm 29. A novel manner of connecting up the apparatus is employed. One coil is connecter in series with one of the leads 6, and the other coil in series with the other lead 5. Thisar rangement has the valuable advantage that the currents in the two leads are simultaneously. and equally regulated. Thus, if the current tends to increase, the coils repel each coil 24 serves to smooth out the current in' of which is joined to tion circuit 21 to the middle point 22 of t e winding 4 of thesupply comthus render 'the rectifier self-sustaining, even stant value, which means forms a part of my other and by their resulting separation introduce an increased amount of inductance into the two leads, and thus check the rise of current. A balanced regulation of the currents on the two sides of the system is thereby produced which could not be accomplished either by a single regulator in one of the leads, for this would regulate but the one side, nor by two regulators, one for each side, since in this case the regulators intheir efforts to maintain constancy of current would get out of step with each otherand pump or oscillate violently.

' In Fig. 2 l have shown a somewhat differ ent form of regulator than that shown in Fig. 1 though in other respects the system to which the regulator is applied is substantially the same as that shown in Fig. 1. Instead, however, of using a step-up compensator 4 for raisin the voltage to be supplied to the rectifier, employ a step-up trans} former having a primary 30 and a secondary 31. The leads which extend from the secondary 31 are indicated at 32 and 33, and, like the leads 5 and 6 in Fig. 1, are connected, respectively, in series with the coils of a constant current regulating device. In Fig. 2, however, the device consists of two movable coils 34 and 35 suspended from a pivoted walking beam 36. The inductance of these coils is varied by the movement of the coils into or out of good inductive relation with a fixed core. Thus the coil 34 moves so as to embrace more orv less of a core member 37 the magnetic circuit ofwhich is improved by the side members 38 and 39 located on In a similar way the coil 35 is movable over a core'member 40, the magnetic circuit of which 'is com leted through the same memand-thereby causes equal regulation of the) two sides of the system. V v

, Fig. 3. represents a system consisting of the combination of two rectifier circuits in such a manner'that a singlereturn conductor serves in common for the two rectifiers. Thus in Fig. 3 a rectifier 42 is supplied with current directly from supply mains 43 of suitable voltage, and this current isregulated by a re ulating device such as 44, like that shown in Fig. 2, though it is evident that any other suitable regulating means may be employed. The circuit 46 carrying the rectified current which is derived from'the rectifier 42, is coneither side of the member 37 as indicated,

earners nected through a commonreturn lead 47 to an intermediate point of the com ensator 45, which compensator is connecte across the mains 43. A similar rectifier set is indicated at the right of Fig. 3, and comprises a rectifier 48 connected across the supply mains 43 and provided with a current regulator 49 similar in character to the regulator 44. The rectified circuit 50 extending from this rectifier 48 is connected also to the same common return conductor 47 as is utilized by the rectifier 42; An inductance coil 51 is placed in the common return 47 and serves to smooth the currents flowing in both of the rectified circuits 46 and 50.

By the arrangement or" rectifier sets as shown, whereby a neutral is provided for a number of rectifier systems, and whereb also a single inductance coil serves to smoot '1 the currents of said systems, I am enabled to reduce the numbers of ieces of apparatus necessary, and thereby simplify and cheapen such systems, as well as obtain other advanta es.

t is evident that various modifications may be made in the embodiment of my invention without departing from the spirit.

thereof, for which reason I do not wish to be limited to the precise details shown and described.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,-

1. 'The combination of a source of alternatin current, main conductors leading there rom, a return conductor also leading therefrom, a va or electric device having a plurality of ano es connected respectively to the main conductors, a cathode connected to the return conductor, and simultaneously movable current regulating coils connected respectively with the leads extending to said anodes.

2. The combination of a source'of alternating current, a vapor electric device having a plurality of positive electrodes connected across said source, a common negativeelectrode, a consum tion circuit extendingfrom said negative e ectrode, and cooperating regulating devices for maintaining constancy of current flowing to said positive electrodes.

3; The combination of a source of alternating current, a vapor electric device havinga plurality of positive electrodes supplied with current from said source, a common negative electrode, a return circuit from said negative electrode and coeperating constant current regulating devices for the currents flowing to said electrodes.

4. The combination of a source of alternating current, a return conductor extending therefrom, a plurality of rectifying devices supplied from said system, constant current regulating means for each rectifying device and connections whereby the rectified cu r 1 mitfing the combined currents of said fecti- :rents from; said devices are transmitted to i'yinfgdevices to said return c0nduct r.-

- said retufiriccriductor.

c j In-witness whereof, =1 have hereunto set '5. Thecombination of a source of alter-' my har ld this 10th day ofNovember, 1 905.

-; .nating"currenig.means for-deriving therefrom MATTHEW OQTROY,

'i'or rectifying both clarifiy Waves of said curcurrents of cbnstant'velue, rectifying devices Witnesses v I BENJAMIN B. HULL, rent s a return con utor, a11dme'ans for t ra.ns-' BERTHA 'SEcoR. 

